A diagnosis of kidney disease means that a person's kidneys are damaged and cannot filter blood the way they should. This damage can cause wastes to build up in the body.

There are 2 types of kidney disease:

AKI (Acute Kidney Injury) - sudden and temporary loss of kidney functions. This is often associated with other health issues such as complication due to surgical procedure, sepsis or severe infections or trauma.

CKD (Chronic Kidney Disease)- any condition that causes reduced kidney function over a period of time. CKD may develop over many years and lead to end-stage-kidney (or renal) disease (ESRD).

The Five Stages of CKD:

Stage 1 - Kidney damage with normal kidney function (estimated GFR equals to or more than 90ml/min per 1.72 m2 and persistent (more than 3 months) proteinuria.

Stage 2 - Kidney damage with mild loss of kidney function (estimated GFR 60-89ml/min per 1.73 m2) and persistent (more than 3 months) proteinuria.

Stage 3- Mild- to-severe-loss of kidney function (estimated GFR 30-59.)

Stage 4 : Severe loss of kidney function (estimated GFR 15-29).

Stage 5- kidney failure requiring dialysis or transplant for survival. also known as ESRD( estimated GFR <15 ml/min per 1.73 m2)

DIALYSIS - treatment to filter wastes and water from the blood. When their kidneys fail, people need dialysis to filter their blood artificially. The two main forms of dialysis are hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis.

END-STAGE-RENAL-DISEASE (ESRD) - total and permanent kidney failure treated with a kidney transplant or dialysis.

GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE: The rate at which the kidneys filter wastes and extra fluid from the blood; measured in milliliters per minute.

PROTEINURIA: Condition in which the urine has more-than-normal amounts of a protein called albumin.

Source and additional informations:

NIDDK- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease